First peoples in Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First people groups in Canada - Research Paper Example The Residential School System The private educational system deliberately sabotaged the way of life of the Aboriginals and hinted that it was not worth embracing or following no matter what. Native youngsters were powerfully isolated from their families for long timeframes. During this partition, the youngsters were given exacting guidelines not to talk in their own language and do whatever is identified with their way of life. Defying of these norms would prompt cut off disciplines (Hanson, 2013). It is a typical information that culture is passed down ages by the procedure of guardians youngsters esteem moves. By isolating youngsters from their folks for long terms of time, it was outlandish for the Aboriginal culture to be passed down. The central government and houses of worship knew about this since this was the main target of this educational system †no big surprise this framework has been alluded as a type of social massacre. In deed when the Prime clergyman Stephen Harpe r gave an official expression of remorse concerning private educational system, he said that the framework depended on an off-base suspicion that â€Å"Aboriginal societies and otherworldly convictions were sub-par and unequal† (Hanson, 2013, p. 1). It is subsequently evident that the framework was dehumanizing and legitimately implied that the Aboriginal culture was not worth after being substandard. The conditions in the educational system were damaging and intelligently the framework didn't fit the bill to utilize the term ‘school’ in its title. Private school staff has been blamed for extraordinary maltreatment to which understudies were exposed to. The maltreatment asserted were physical, sexual, enthusiastic and mental (Hanson, 2013). As per Miller, the private educational system offered a net negative encounter for understudies †understudies were said to think back with torment in the wake of going through the framework. Kids invested a great deal of energy at the schools and never got the passionate help required by kids from their folks. Food was insufficient for them and the garments they were given were pitiful and not warm enough particularly for the winter seasons (Miller, 2012). This probably been mentally upsetting to the kids thinking about their young ages †16 years and beneath. The way that they were continually told their way of life was second rate and they should never communicate in their local language should similarly have been upsetting (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2013). Previous understudies of this framework have been squeezing through prosecution for pay for enduring they were exposed to under this framework. As a sign that understudies were mishandled under this framework, the government has been embraced measure to show its regret. One such advance is â€Å"the $1.9-billion remuneration bundle for the overcomers of maltreatment at Aboriginal private schools† (Miller, 2012, p. 1). Unde rstudies in the framework were mishandled and their poise was not maintained †as indicated by Hanson (2013), a considerable lot of them passed on because of the conditions and disciplines. The encounters that understudies experienced in this framework were dehumanizing. This framework didn't instruct understudies as was normal being a school yet rather simply burned through their time. This framework up to the 1950s worked on a

Domestic violence against Australian Women-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Domestic brutality against Australian Women. Answer: Presentation Aggressive behavior at home is a demonstration of brutality that occur in household setting including two individuals who were or are in a personal connection. Aggressive behavior at home against ladies (DVAW) can be named as maltreatment by men to ladies who were or are having a close connection (Baird, 2008). DVAW has been perceived as issue in Australia that has noteworthy size. Aggressive behavior at home incorporates passionate, sexual, physical, and mental maltreatment. Physical viciousness alludes to physical animosity and maltreatment by an accomplice that includes kicking, beating, hitting, or slapping. Sexual brutality involves sexual pressure, assault, undesirable sex or provocation or constrained prostitution against ladies. Passionate and mental savagery alludes to controlling practices like proceeded with embarrassment, separation, control of fiancs, compromising kids or undermined with death. Abusive behavior at home reason genuine effect on ladies wellbeing and prospe rity (Coker, 2016). The accompanying exposition with plot an exploration issue proclamation on DVAW in Australia and audit significant writing on the subject under examination. The exposition with additionally examine moral issues that will be uncounted in the exploration, techniques to take care of the issues, obstacles and empowering agents in the execution of the systems. The exploration is a contextual analysis of Public Health Association Australia (PHAH). General Health Association of Australia (PHAA) PHAA is a nongovernmental association engaged with general wellbeing with a dream at advancing prosperity and wellbeing to all Australians. The association looks to improve populace wellbeing dependent on value standards, counteraction, and social determinants of wellbeing. PHAA has more than 1900members who include in excess of 40 expert gatherings. The association job in the general wellbeing incorporates pushing or creating wellbeing strategies and building limit. PHAA gives a gathering to talking about issues and general wellbeing and voice to proficient specialists in general wellbeing. The association distributes to diaries in particular Australian and New Zealand diaries of general Health (ANZJPH). Issue proclamation DVAW in Australia has genuinely expanded in the previous decade that has prompted huge individual and social effect. Ladies are losing their life or getting incessant sicknesses because of aggressive behavior at home. It is assessed that one lady is slaughtered on normal every week in Australia by their accomplices (Humanrights.gov.au, 2017). As indicated by Coker (2016) one out of five ladies in Australian has encountered sexual brutality while one in each three ladies in Australia has encountered physical savagery. From these measurements, ladies are defenseless and are casualties of abusive behavior at home that causes significant consequences for ladies wellbeing and prosperity. Savagery from personal accomplices in Australian reason more inabilities, ailment, and passing in ladies that whatever other causes that are preventable. Subsequently, the point of this report will target concentrating on the effect of DVAW and sketching out preventable estimates that can be executed to d iminish aggressive behavior at home. The examination will include assessing pertinent writing to comprehend wellbeing outcomes of aggressive behavior at home and be utilized to guidance the service of wellbeing on the best way to forestall or maintain a strategic distance from abusive behavior at home in Australia. Writing survey Struthers, Tilbury and Williams (2017) characterized aggressive behavior at home as examples of practices where one individual causes viciousness and maltreatment against the other in a marriage or dwelling together. As indicated by WHO, abusive behavior at home is a deliberate utilization of ones force or power, real or compromising against an accomplice that lead to death, injury, mental mischief, hardship or maldevelopment. DVAW fuses a wide range of viciousness experienced by ladies because of their sex. Moynihan (2012) in his outcome found that aggressive behavior at home caused misery, fears, and tension to ladies. Ladies who experience viciousness got focused on that were draw out that prompted despondency. He recorded that half of the ladies who were experience abusive behavior at home had kids under their consideration. The exploration result likewise demonstrated that 75% of ladies who experienced savagery in their past relationship were reluctant to get hitched. Kasturirangan (2008) recorded that abusive behavior at home were prompting ladies endeavoring self destruction. The insights broke down indicated that out of ten ladies who endeavored self destruction four were because of household attacks. The examination likewise found that abusive behavior at home were driving reason for self destruction among ladies in Australia. McPhedran and Baker (2012) investigate on incessant agony conditions found that aggressive behavior at home was a significant reason. Abusive behavior at home caused enthusiastic and mental savagery that prompted pressure. The interminable torment conditions made an individual endure body torment unusually because of inappropriate body working. Moynihan (2012) likewise found that aggressive behavior at home was a significant reason for psychosomatic clutters. People physical ailments were decline by the psychological variables that the casualties were experiencing through. These states of mind that cause psychomatic clutters were pressure and tension. Baird (2008) built up in his exploration that aggressive behavior at home is preventable. He found that in spite of the numerous elements that prompted DVAW, it conceivable to forestall or prevent from repeating. They likewise found that the significant reasons for brutality against ladies were because of inconsistent appropriation of assets and force in a family. What's more, an adherence to old unbending sexual orientation jobs that implied individuals in a relationship living as female and manly. Loxton et al (2006) in their exploration found that there were three prescribed procedures to forestall brutality against ladies. These deterrent measures are unmistakable and their mediations are explicit. They incorporate essential anticipation, auxiliary counteraction and tertiary avoidance. Essential avoidance alluded to a counteraction instrument applied to the entire populace with a target of guaranteeing brutality doesn't occur. This technique planned for sharpening the populace against ladies based savagery. Besides is the auxiliary counteraction that objectives early indications of abusive behavior at home. This preventive strategy is explicit to networks, people, or setting from heightening in savagery. Thirdly, the tertiary anticipation technique alluded to reaction to maintain a strategic distance from repeat of aggressive behavior at home. This strategy looks to limit brutality sway by halting the savagery. Empowering influences and obstructions of best practices The empowering agents of best acts of forestalling DVAW are as per the following; Accessibility of conveying medium: Following the present web inclusion and media empowers the prescribed procedures to be actualized in advising the entire populace to stay away from viciousness against ladies from occurring. Accessibility of sufficient expert: There are accessible experts to offer direction on how casualties of aggressive behavior at home can recuperate and maintain a strategic distance from it impacts. There are sufficient prepared clinicians, medical attendants and specialists that can help in guaranteeing the effects of aggressive behavior at home are overseen at their beginning periods. The boundary or preventions of actualizing the prescribed procedures are as per the following; Inability to report: Ignorance or late announcing of abusive behavior at home cases will impede the execution of best practices to contain and forestall further unfriendly impacts. Absence of government support: Inadequate help from the legislature in actualizing best practices can thwart the avoidance of DVAW by upholding it not occurring by any means. Deficient assets: The inaccessibility or absence of assets to run the crusade against aggressive behavior at home on ladies can prevent the execution of the prescribed procedures. It expects assets to back crusade on web or in the media. Moral ramifications Coming up next are moral ramifications related with the exploration venture; Make the examination comprehensive: There is a need while enrolling the center gathering to guarantee all partners are incorporated and ensuring powerless people in the exploration. Intentional educated assent: Participants in the examination should be acquired deliberately. This moral ramifications guarantees that there is regard of people took a crack at the examination. Free audit of potential advantages and dangers: This moral ramifications involves that members need to autonomously evaluate chances in the proposed examine. This will guarantee that the dangers are sensible contrasted with the potential advantages. Regarding research members: The examination proposition includes talking with individuals about their own life which will require regard for human condition. The members will likewise require to be secured. End DVAW is a significant reason for disease and demise among ladies in Australia. The impacts of abusive behavior at home among ladies have unfriendly effect on their monetary and social expenses. Aggressive behavior at home in Australia are generally brought about by inconsistent conveyance of assets and force among ladies and men and adherences to characterized sex jobs that are unbending that mean individuals in relationship to live as ladylike and manly. DVAW is preventable by actualizing three prescribed procedures that are essential counteraction, auxiliary anticipation and tertiary avoidance. In rundown it basic to think about the moral ramifications of the examination proposition References Baird, K. (2008). Supporting ladies after abusive behavior at home Hilary Abrahams Supporting ladies after aggressive behavior at home Jessica Kingsley 160 19.99 9781843104315 1843104318. Essential Health Care, 18(2), pp.8-8. Coker, D. (2016). Abusive behavior at home and Social Justice. Brutality Against Women, 22(12), pp.1426-1437. Fresh, B. (2011). Abusive behavior at home in Rural Australia. Social Work Education, 30(1), pp.115-117. Humanrights.gov.au. (2017). Savagery against ladies in Australia (2017) | Australian Human Rights Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/entries/brutality against-ladies a

Activity Based Costing Analysis

Question: Talk about theActivity Based Costing Analysis. Answer: Presentation Action based costing is a method which makes costing of items and administrations increasingly precise. It controls the administration of the association about comprehension and assessing about distribution of assets in an association esteem chain process. It was presented in mid 1980s, as indicated by Corrigan in 1996, roughly 41% of the associations were as of now utilizing this method around then and 33% of the partnerships were had confidence in embracing such practices in not so distant future. This framework is normally utilized in association where past framework is either not assessing cost precisely or the associations which are exceptionally cognizant about expense. Generally this technique was just assumed for assembling organizations, yet now it has been utilized in each kind or association. Anyway this investigation isn't favored for little assembling organizations, since it is extremely hard for them to distinguish and assess the entire action cost. Aside from this, it requires all the more observing control at each level. The advantage of this is, it has given more procedures to follow mistakes. By this, it has empowered the association to settle on progressively exact choices dependent on costing (Chandra Pramanik, 2012). The task gives an outline of movement based costing. The task considers this investigation by considering Chysler Corporation. Following are the associations which gave propelled usage from ABC investigation like Caterpillar, Marmon cornerstone, Charles schwab organization, Northeastern utilities and Chrysler Corporation (Innes, Mitchell Sinclair, 2000). Employments of Activity Based Costing by Organizations ABC investigation has numerous utilizations in an association. The technique for cost structure is an impressive procedure that is utilized to comprehend by a client to think about the capacity of organization to contend in the market. It is profoundly favored technique for costing in association since, it assists with distinguishing the valid and full expense of the procedures includes in making the yield. It guarantees straightforwardness in overseeing procedure of association. Aside from that it assists with recognizing the non esteem including forms, any wastage. As indicated by cooper in 1991, the expanding cost and enhancement of expenses is the primary explanation behind embracing and executing action based costing (Fei Isa, 2010). The principle target of embracing movement based costing is to come over the escape clauses of conventional based costing. In customary technique for bookkeeping the business overheads, for example, lighting, promoting and warming costs were charged under direct expense of that specific procedure. Action based costing shows legitimate expense of the item or administration. Other than this it additionally give a superior introduction of the associations budget summaries (Fadzil Rababah, 2012). The utilization of ABC procedures has decreased the expense of the items and administrations, simultaneously it has empowered the organization chiefs to concentrate on amplification on investors riches. By following non esteemed included inventories, it has empowered the organization to burn through its assets and effort on those inventories which can prompt positive return. It must be guaranteed by the enterprise before presenting movement based costing in their association, the assent of the considerable number of supervisors must be taken, as they are the one in particular who will make the workers comprehends about the strategy. Encounters of the Organizations that have utilized Activity Based Costing Encounters can be distinguished by the distinctions in the associations who have actualized the movement based costing. The distinction can be seen in their money related exhibitions. It was distinguished the improvement in the conduct and authoritative variables of that specific association. These components can be named as progress in help from top administration, sufficient preparing and improvement courses. As per Anderson in 1995, factors that may impact movement based costing are setting explicit. That is there are numerous different components that can impact the execution of action based costing, for example, phases of usage of ABC, specialized elements and ecological variables of explicit associations. These are the components that impact the achievement of movement based costing usage. Other than this, the individual technique requires a great deal of information to be gathered, henceforth it is looked by numerous enormous organizations like in china, and they took a more e xtended timespan for gathering the information. It has likewise been seen in china, that organizations which are enjoyed intangibles, it appears to be hard to check the overhead costing and taking measures to lessen the expense (Rbabah, 2013). Chrysler Corporation which is an American vehicle maker, have received ABC examination in their costing strategy. The experience they have watched is that the usage of ABC investigation has empowered the organization in sparing million of dollars. The partnership has presented this framework in mid 1991s. The examination helped the organization in ascertaining the right expense of parts utilized. It was the main first organization who make actualize action based costing method to meet the obstruction made by its chiefs. Thus the organization right off the bat prepared the chiefs for executing this strategy and after that to make comprehend to workers different classes have been composed by the organization. Action costing technique requires more assets as contrast with the customary bookkeeping strategy, as there are three degrees of inventories. It need be constantly watched the specific inventories level. That is in the event that one stock isn't using in a compelling way, than it should be moved to another stock level (Mahal Hossain, 2015). Chrysler required leading preparing and advancement programs, changing in the board structure, to causing the administration to comprehend about the movement based bookkeeping. Chrysler additionally led different classes to cause the workers to convey and comprehend the idea and employments of movement based costing. It was being seen by Chrysler that subsequent to executing movement based costing in their association it has made upgrades in better compelling item costing, better cost control the executives, successful portion of overheads, progressively precise cost data, following of non esteem included materials, and non viable materials. In the event that movement based costing s treated as the autonomous variable, at that point, return on resources, return on value, net revenue, net revenue are considered as needy factors (Chea, 2011). Chrysler Corporation subsequent to executing action based costing method had higher overhead expense as some level of its complete item cost. Aside from this the creation forms made hard for the organizations who have executed ABC methods. Effect on Organization that have Implementing ABC Analysis The effect on Chrysler by executing the movement based costing is that the genuine expense assessed in the action based costing was as multiple times as contrast with the customary costing strategy. Thus the effect of this new costing strategy had on Chrysler Company was that it has begun re-appropriating that specific items or administrations. As a result of the dangers and difficulties comprise in ABC investigation is that, 70% disappointment rate was knowledgeable about the U.S. based organizations. The effect on Chryslers money related administration was that they have to set up a procedure in which changes in the suppositions and tasks were required. Other than this it has empowered for Chrysler to effortlessly designate the backhanded expense in bookkeeping. Aside from that the most significant thing is it doesn't follow the compliances of GAAP (proper accounting rule). Henceforth the organization executing the movement based costing examination is required to keep up two costing strategies that is one is for the inward utilization of the company as ABC investigation, and another costing technique is utilized for the consistence of GAAP. Aside from that more assets are required in ABC investigation as contrast with customary costing strategy. That is in ABC examination it should be dissected constantly that class A stock are used according to the gauges set or not. What's more, on the off chance that these are not utilized according to the guidelines, at that point these inventories should be moved to different class stock (Hroot, Mssadeh, Amireh, 2015). Weave Lutz, who is the president at Chrysler, he went about as a representative during the course led. He made a situation in which ABC implementers introduced their particular perspectives with respect to the efficiency. After such an excess of learning classes, a lot of accomplishment was seen in the exhibition of the organization. This had make troughs progressively loose after the achievement saw in the activities. Each locale has diverse bookkeeping framework and costing factors subsequently, it can't be embraced all around same, because of this it was extremely hard for the organization to set estimating measures. End It is reasoned that to make execution fruitful of movement based bookkeeping change in the board structure, expanded in correspondence, improved preparing and advancement for the supervisors and workers should be required. The reliant factors (tasks and monetary structure) got influenced because of the execution of autonomous factors (movement based costing). Aside from this usage of this strategy caused an effect on item and administrations costing, that is as a portion of the items costs are taken at underneath cost, while a portion of the items were taken at above expense. Consequently this has come about into the organization in redistributing the specific item which was taken at above expense. It was the perspectives on the supervisors that after the usage of movement based costing it prompts improvement in the hierarchical exhibitions as contrast with the customarily utilized costing technique. Subsequently it very well may be presumed that separated from the advantages of action based costing there are some significant disa

Persuasive Essay On School Uniforms Example For Students

Influential Essay On School Uniforms John Doe strolls into a high rise, certain and very much prepared wearing a tie, suit, and dress shoes. His certainty pushes him ahead, as he enters a lift going up to the 23rd floor. He moves toward his first prospective employee meeting since leaving Jesuit Prep: McAllen Law. This very much prepped man moved on from Jesuit prep, which had a clothing standard and hair limitations. This clothing standard and hair limitations developed youngsters into develop grown-ups over a multi year time frame at Jesuit. The clothing standard and hair limitations assume an essential job for our future as they assemble class mix, increment our picture in the network, and dress the understudies for business, not play. Jesuit Prep needs to proceed with this imperative clothing standard and hair limitations for what's to come. Having a school brimming with understudies wearing a similar garments and hairdos helps manufacture a combination inside the class. Understudies that wear a wide range of styles of garments all meet up wearing comparable jeans, shirts, ties, and shoes. Through a clothing regulation and hair limitations, everybody is assisted with being made progressively agreeable by wearing comparative garments, in any case, individuals may feel distanced with less in vogue or cool garments. Hairdos help facilitate this incorporation too by giving every individual comparable styles causing everybody to feel more quiet. The general coordination enables the understudies to understand that in spite of the fact that individuals may seem to be comparable, the possibility that everybody shows will be incredibly extraordinary. These various thoughts are available in everybody, and the clothing regulation and hair limitations help delineate that since somebody appears to be identical, they don't think the e quivalent. At the point when the understudies land positions or discover vocations in their future, it will be useful to realize that despite the fact that all their co-wor s appear to be comparable, they are in reality totally different. This way to deal with future occupations and vocations will give the understudies a bit of leeway in being receptive with individuals. The clothing regulation and hair limitations will help Jesuit understudies by improving their picture they present to the outside network. A picture is a significant piece of any understudies life. How others see us will affect numerous future choices others make. By standing to a clothing regulation and hair limitations, our picture will go over to others as perfect, sorted out, and dependable. Future colleagues and managers will consistently be additionally trusting with individuals who fit that picture. Inside everyones life, there is a period for no particular reason and a period for business. While a few people hold up until they are very much passed secondary school before they get ready for business, Jesuit is in the front line getting ready understudies now. This planning originates from the clothing standard and hair limitations which are implemented by Jesuit Prep. At the point when a suit are worn and hair is perfectly brushed, an understudy wouldn't like to get messy, so they turn efficient in their way by learning and acting in a develop way. As should be obvious, the clothing standard and hair limitation of Jesuit are essential pieces of understudy improvement. Incorporation, picture, and dressing for progress are significant advantages of the clothing standard and hair limitations. These advantages will be utilized into every understudy future to assist them with pushing ahead inside their own profession and life.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Response paper - Essay Example Appropriately conveying and viably managing others may be the sole inclination that chooses our status in the public arena. Correspondence is the sharing of data or feeling. Correspondence can be verbal or non verbal. Effective and fulfilling up close and personal correspondence involve three components: words, manner of speaking and non-verbal communication. Correspondence process establishes 93% of the quiet or nonverbal correspondence for example tonality represents 38% and non-verbal communication represents 55%. Which implies just 7% of the entire correspondence process relies on words (Steve, 2009). It is normally observed that correspondence is generally depicted as far as verbally expressed words. In any case, not many of us know the way that words are just the bearer and transport of the message. Genuine importance behind the message can't be unmistakably seen uniquely with the words. The collector needs to estimate and make decisions of the words. This reality can without much of a stretch be comprehended by the case of conveying through messages and letters, in which nonverbal piece of correspondence is unquestionably a missing component and leave the translation open to the peruser which at times prompts misconception and contentions. Enduring connections must be made when sentiments and feelings behind the words convey between the individuals. Trust can be earned by passing on nonverbal confirmations that are reliable with the words. Manner of speaking influences significantly on the implications of words. As above expressed, 38% of correspondence transmits by the tonality. For Example, quick and snappy tune of the melody carries vitality and enthusiasm to the individual, regardless of whatever the verses of the tune are. Another supporting model in such manner is reaction of a child to various voices. They probably won't comprehend the words yet they grin and cry as per the force of the voices they hear. Numerous individuals don't have the foggiest idea how to deal with their tone in various circumstances which is basic to make positive relationship with somebody they

Tata Nano Marketing - Free Essay Example

Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Economic Environment3 2. 1 Global Business Cycle Trends:3 2. 2 GDP:4 2. 3 Unemployment:4 2. 4 Fiscal Policies:4 2. 5 Consumer confidence and consumer credit:4 2. 6 Income, Expenditure and Savings:5 2. 7 Income distribution:5 2. 8 BOP:6 3. 0 Cultural Environment:6 3. 1 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions6 3. 2 The Changing Shape of Culture8 3. 3 Going Green8 4. 0 Political and Legal Environment:9 4. 1 Political Structure9 4. 2 Political Risk9 4. 3 Legal10 5. 0 Conclusion:11 5. 0 Appendix:12 5. 1 Appendix A12 5. 2 Appendix B13 5. 3 Appendix C13 . 4 Appendix D14 6. 0 Reference15 1. 0 Introduction TATA Motors Limited is India’s largest motor passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. Its annual revenue exceeds USD six billion, ranking it among the top ten companies in India. Unveiled in January 2008, their new TATA Nano passenger automobile was a much awaited car by the local and international markets. (Tata Motor s, 2008) Production began later that year. Its distinct features and reasonable price boosts its popularity and demand. Excluding taxes, the TATA Nano is priced at USD 2500. It is compact (only 3 meters long) with enough space to comfortably seat four people. Fuel efficiency also plays a major role in its success; it does almost 50 miles per gallon of petrol. This highly fuel efficient, spacious car is also environmentally friendly, emitting less carbon dioxide than most two wheelers. (Tata Motors, 2008) [pic] (iwebie, 2009) Currently Nano is undergoing modifications to cater to foreign markets. By 2011, a modified Nano Europa is to be launched in Europe as a more powerful car with better safety and regulation to fit European standards. Business Line, 2009) Development of the Nano Europa creates an option to market a similar model for the United States with a mutually beneficial arrangement for both countries. In order to penetrate the American market, the country’s econom ic, cultural, political and legal environment must be analyzed. 2. 0 Economic Environment The economic environment of a country describes the external environment a firm will be operating in. This section attempts to discuss some of the most important economic variables. 2. 1 Global Business Cycle Trends: The global financial crisis reflects falling purchasing power in the international market and therefore is of great concern to Tata. The crisis worsened in September 2008 in the United States with bankruptcies, credit freeze and panic (James, Park, Jha, Jongwanich, Terada-Hagiwara Sumulong, 2008). From there it spread to the rest of the world; from the Eurozone to the developing economies of Asia. As a result consumer behavior has changed substantially. Understanding these changes will improve Tata’s competency in the new conditions. The sharp drops in US consumer confidence and expenditure â€Å"could hold serious consequences in a country where private consumption accounts for more than 70% of the GDP† (Datamonitor, 2009). 2. 2 GDP: GDP is an important factor as it allows the company to estimate purchasing power in the wake of the global crisis. Falling GDP usually means falling purchasing power. According to (Euromonitor International, 2009), two or more consecutive quarters of negative real GDP growth indicate a recession. Appendix A shows that US Real GDP had been experiencing persistent negative rowth since 2007. 2. 3 Unemployment: Higher unemployment will act as a hurdle to Tata’s Nano’s success in US by reducing disposable income and therefore demand. Slow down in the housing sector has slowed down the construction industry and led to job cuts. With 82000 job cuts in the construction industry alone in November 2008, the US unemployment rate stood at 7. 2% which is the highest in 16 years (Euromonitor International, 2009). 2. 4 Fiscal Policies: To boost America’s ailing economy, the government has introduced th e American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. According to Euromonitor International (2009), this stimulus package is the biggest ever in US history including tax breaks and ambitious spending. The breakdown of the fiscal package is given in Appendix B. This is of great interest to Tata’s marketers since it promotes demand, growth and consumer confidence and will improve the market for Tata’s Nano. 2. 5 Consumer confidence and consumer credit: The US consumer market is the world’s largest. This is attractive to marketers since it implies a significant market for products. However, according to Euromonitor International (2008), consumer expenditure has fallen sharply since the last quarter of 2007 with consumer confidence at ‘a 16 year low’. Falling consumer confidence reduces consumer expenditure and the demand for products like Tata’s Nano. 2. 6 Income, Expenditure and Savings: Harsh credit and employment conditions meant incomes w ere no longer enough to cover expenditures. Consequently Americans had to draw on their savings which meant that savings fell towards the end of 2007. For Tata this has serious repercussions, as Americans may not have adequate savings to purchase the Nano in the future. Appendix C illustrates the relationship between income, expenditure and savings between 2001 and 2007. 2. 7 Income distribution: Income is mainly distributed between three major groups in the US. According to Euromonitor International (2008), Baby Boomers, aged 45-59 years, are the highest earning consumer segment earning between USD 48000-84000 annually, with a ‘refuse to age’ attitude. Spending often on children and grand children they would be a lucrative market for Tata’s Nano. The second biggest demographic segment is approximately 36 years in age, earns about USD 60000 annually and accounts for a large proportion of the population. Third is the age-group 24-32, which accounts for 15% o f the total population and is important for its size, though not for its income. A breakdown of income distribution is given in Appendix D. 2. 8 BOP: The persistently deficit US current account reached its peak of USD 901,878 million in 2008 (Euromonitor International, 2009). This is a drawback especially for companies like Tata planning to export to the US since it increases the likelihood of a sudden depreciation of the dollar to reduce the BOP deficit. Foreign companies with investments in the US will buy less foreign dominated currencies. Exporting companies will experience a fall in demand for their goods as the products become more expensive for US consumers with the depreciation of the dollar. 3. 0 Cultural Environment: 3. 1 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions This section analyzes the consumers’ perceptions and behaviour towards their environment. A country’s culture encompasses â€Å"knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man s a member of society† (Nakata Huang as cited in Yaprak, 2008). Geert Hofstede first introduced cultural dimensions into contemporary business literature. He attempted to assess cultures at a national level; it has also been applied using individual consumers as the unit of analysis (Blodgett, Bakir Rose, 2008). The illustration below gives a representation of America’s cultural environment according to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, [pic] (Source: ITIM, 2009) The diagram illustrates that level of individualism is one of the highest in the world. Fernandez-Berrocal, Salovey, Vera Ramos (2005) in their paper explained that individualistic cultures have a high level of subjective well-being; that is, quality is a vital determinant of purchase behavior. Train Winston (2007) further reinforce this by explaining that U. S. car manufacturers started losing their market share to their foreign counter parts because consumers perceived U. S. cars to score lower in terms of quality and reliability. US scores the lowest in terms of Long-term orientation (LTO) that indicates respect for culture and a belief in fulfilling social obligations (ITIM, 2009). This brings to view a patriotic and nationalistic side to the American people which President Obama is trying to rekindle by using ‘buy American’ as his new motto (Euro monitor International, 2009) in an attempt to protect the US economy by reactivating employment. Consumers are skeptical because they no longer view auto ‘imports’ as costing jobs for themselves or their friends’ (Train Winston, 2007). This was due to Japanese and European automakers building factories and research facilities in the US which spurred local employment. This also led to reduction in market share of US automakers (Train Winston, 2007). . 2 The Changing Shape of Culture Culture is usually known to be â€Å"inherently conservative, resisting change and fostering continuity† (Czinkota Ronkainen, p. 54, 2007). Conversely Craig Douglas (2006) elaborate on the dynamism of culture, and how it is reshaped due to political, social, economic and technological forces (Usunier Lee as cited in Craig Douglas, 2006). This is proved by how as the recent economic downturn has affected the buying patterns of American consumers. As reported by Investorsobserver. com Americans are holding on to their wallets, due to factors like higher fuel and food prices. Moreover there is also an increasing trend of consumer bargaining and heavy usage of discount coupons (Euromonitor International, 2009). Therefore, consumers are not willing to spend as much as they used, and are being thriftier, therefore moving towards long term orientation. Earlier Americans preferred larger and more expensive vehicles, but ever since the price of petrol has increased the demand for such vehicles declined (Euromonitor International, 2009). Furthermore due to the recession it is more expensive to maintain large vehicles. Hence there is a demand for smaller, fuel efficient vehicles which Tata Nano can capitalize upon. 3. 3 Going Green Another trend that has emerged is the increasing awareness and demand for alternative energy sources. This development is facilitated by Obama’s attempt to turn America into a ‘green’ society by inculcating the usage of alternate fuels and other energy conservation practices (Walsh, 2009). He emphasizes that Americans are fed up of unpredictable fluctuations in oil prices and hence â€Å"have a better understanding of why we need an energy transformation† (Walsh, p. 34, 2009). This point is reflected in the BBMG Consumer Conscious Report, which states that almost 90% of American consumers are likely to buy products from socially conscious companies; furthermore most consumers are welcoming the notion of shifting to green fuel (Euro monitor, 2009). This leads to demand in vehicles that are, efficient or hybrids or running on alternate fuels. Tata Nano should consider this facet of take advantage of it. 4. 0 Political and Legal Environment: In order to proceed with the analysis of the TATA Nano in the US, it is important for the company to examine the country’s political framework and legal structure. . 1 Political Structure The US government under the Constitution is categorized into three branches; Legislative Branch, Executive Branch and Judiciary Branch (Euromonitor International, 2009 White House, 2009). In January 2009, the Democratic Party led by senator Barrack Obama came into power in the midst of a crisis that has lost nearly 2 million jobs and manufacturing industries like the automotive industry have hit a 28 year low point (White House, 2009). For this reason it is of great importance to analyze the political risk of the US. . 2 Political Risk The automotive industry is by far the most prominent industry in the US in the 20th century. How ever developing nations like India are rapidly matching the sophistication of the US industry and as in the case of the Nano have surpassed the technology and design of US manufacturers. Therefore, import of fuel efficient, reliable and cost-efficient cars has increased. Furthermore US owned MNC’s like GM have production plants in low wage countries to minimize production costs. Americans are now advocating greater protectionism since the industry accounts for approximately 10% of employment (Raghu, 2007). Due to the financial crisis, President Obama is attempting economic reform through legislative and regulatory changes. This includes revision of bankruptcy laws, regulations for financial products and non financial institutions (Eurasia, 2009). There will also be direct involvement and control of financial enterprises, which would increase US holdings (Eurasia, 2009). The government is also expected to revise their fiscal policies in order to encourage the countryâ₠¬â„¢s economic growth (Eurasia, 2009). 4. 3 Legal The low US liberal import tariff of 2. 5% is lower than other countries and aids Nano’s pricing strategy in the market (US Department of Homeland Security, 2009). The firm would still have to comply with the high environmental regulations set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Cooney Yacobucci, 2006). Nano must have a combined fuel economy rating of atleast 22. 5 miles per gallon set by EPA (US Department of Homeland Security, 2009). This however would not be an issue for the Nano as the car has a fuel-economy rating of approximately 50 miles per gallon (Tata Nano, 2008) Nano must also fulfill the DOT requirements, which ensures Federal Motor Safety Standards in the US. It requires meeting the government’s bumper and theft-prevention standards (US Department of Homeland Security, 2009). Hence compliance is mandatory for Tata to be able to operate in the US. 5. 0 Conclusion: Although the compact and cos t-effective Tata Nano is ideal for the Indian terrain it may not necessarily be so for the very dissimilar American market. This questions the fact whether the Nano would be able to penetrate such a market. However the aspects discussed above indicate that this might be exactly the wonder car the US market needs now. There are certain drawbacks nonetheless. The present US economic environment poses both threats and opportunities for Nano. One such opportunity is how consumer insecurity has lead to preferences of more affordable modes of transport over luxury cars. Another opportunity is adjusted fiscal policies that encourage spending and investment. This too would make it very easy for the Nano to capture the market. The drawbacks include the spiking current account deficits as exchange rates could fall suddenly. This creates uncertainty drastically affecting Nano’s price and demand. The US changing consumer culture poses challenges for international and domestic autom akers as consumers prefer to buy Japanese cars over the more expensive gas guzzling local cars. Hence the Nano should acquire attributes like high quality, reliability fuel efficiency to gain a competitive advantage over American automobiles. Politically, President Obama’s move to amend fiscal policies and other reforms has created many advantages for foreign investors. Legally US environmental regulations may work to Nano’s benefit because fuel-efficiency is one of Nano’s prime attributes. In conclusion, the US market is a potential market for Nano. 5. 0 Appendix: 5. 1 Appendix A [pic][pic] (Euromonitor, 2009) 5. 2 Appendix B [pic] (Euromonitor, 2009) 5. 3 Appendix C [pic] (Euromonitor, 2007) 5. 4 Appendix D [pic] (Euromonitor, 2007) 6. 0 Reference Berrocal, P. , Salovey, P. , Vera, A. , Extremera, A. Ramos, N. (2006). Culture influences on the relation between perceived emotional intelligence and depression. RIPS/IRSP, 18(1), 91-107. Blodgett, J. , Bakir, A. Rose, G. (2008). A test of the validity of Hofstede’s cultural framework. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(6), 339-349. Business Line (2009). Tata Motors to redesign Nano for US market. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from https://www. thehindubusinessline. com/2009/03/24/stories/2009032452000200. htm Czinkota, M. Ronkainen, I. (2007). International marketing (8th ed. ). OH 45040: South-Western. Craig, S. Douglas, S. (2006). Beyond national culture: implications of cultural dynamics for consumer research. International Marketing Review, 23(3), 322-342. Cooney, S. Yacobucci, B. (2006). U. S. utomotive industry: policy overview and recent history. Nova Publishers Datamonitor. (2009, January). USA: Country Analysis Report. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. Euromonitor International. (2009, 12 March). USA: Country pulse. Retrieved from Global Market Information Database. Euromonitor International. (2009, March). Q A: The recession- perspectives and predictions. R etrieved from Global Market Information Database. Euromonitor International. (2009, February). Global Financial Crisis: North America suffers economic fall-out. Retrieved from Euromonitor International database. Euromonitor International. (2009, March). America’s fiscal stimulus plan the biggest in US history. Retrieved from Euromonitor International database. Euromonitor International. (2008, September). USA Income and Expenditure. Retrieved from Euromonitor International database. Euromonitor International. (2009, January). USA Trade Balance . Retrieved from Euromonitor International database. Eurasia Group. (2009). Top 10 Risks of 2009. New York: Ian Bremmer ITIM. (2009). United States – US or American Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Explained. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from https://www. eert-hofstede. com/hofstede_united_states. shtml Iwebie (2009). How to book Tata Nano. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from https://www. iwebie. com/how-to-book-tata-nano James, W. E. , Park, D. , Jha, S. , Jongwanich, J. , Terada-Hagiwara, A. Sumulong, L. (2008). The US Financial Crisis, Global Financial Turmoil and Developing Asia: Is the era of high growth at an end?. (ADB Economics Working Paper Series 139). Raghu (2007). Political Affairs Magazine US car industry: One down, two to go?. Retrieved March 11, 2009 from https://www. politicalaffairs. net/article/articleview/5134/1/253/ TATA Motors. (2008). Profile. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from https://www. tatamotors. com/our_world/profile. php TATA Nano. (2008). The people car from TATA motors. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from https://tatanano. inservices. tatamotors. com/tatamotors/index. php? option=com_contenttask=viewid=143Itemid=169 Train, K. Winston, C. (2007). Vehicle choice behavior and the declining market share of U. S. automakers. International Economic Review, 48(4), 1469-1496. The White House. (2009). Agenda: Economy. Retrieved from https://www. whitehouse. gov/agenda/economy/ US Department of Homeland Security. (2009). Importing a motor vehicle. Retrieved from https://www. cbp. gov/xp/cgov/trade/basic_trade/importing_car. xml Walsh, K. (2009, April 1). An American finally ready to conserve; Obama adviser Carol Browner, EPA chief for Clinton, says attitudes have changed. U. S. News World Report, 146(3), 34. Walsh, K. (2009, April 1). Changing America’s energy ways; the recession won’t make it easy, but Obama says the nation is ready. U. S. News World Report, 146(3), 28. Yaprak, A. (2008). Culture study in international marketing: a critical review and suggestions for future research. International Marketing Review, 25(2), 215-229.

A Crisis in the Foster Care System - Free Essay Example

A Crisis in the Foster Care System   Ã‚  Ã‚   More than half a million children are in foster care in the United States today (Nakyanzi). Children are entering foster care systems because they have been abused, neglected, and abandoned. The main problem is that there is a dramatic increase in the number of children entering foster care systems from the massive outbreak of parents being addicted to alcohol or drugs. With that being said, there is not enough people to take care of all these children in need. Like myself and many other potential future social workers, we realize that the amount of foster children is drastically increasing. This is a problem that needs to be studied in hopes we can make things better for the families and children. However, this topic is something that all social workers need to grasp the importance of, and realize that being in this field and putting in work towards foster care is an important matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚   It is devastating to say, many children are born addicted to drugs. Some children are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or other drug related conditions because of the mother abusing alcohol and drugs while being pregnant. The Child Welfare League of America has shown studies that substance abuse plays an enormous role in 75% of all placements in out-of-foster care. Eighty percent of states have reported that parental abuse of drugs and alcohol is one of the most common problems occurring in families (The Impact of Substance Abuse on Foster Care). Generally speaking, children usually spend over a year in foster care, but more than half of them get reunited with their parents. There are some children that end up leaving the foster care system only to end up right back in there. So sad to think that nearly one-quarter of children are adopted by their foster parents because the parents could not get their lives back on track for their children. Since drugs and alcohol are taking over parents, almost 20,000 children of ages 18 or 21 will be at an increased risk of no educational outcomes, no place to stay, and no job that provides income (About the Children). To come to terms with this, it is in peoples nature to sadly partake in the use of drugs and alcohol. We must understand that this is not something that will end anytime soon. Helping people feel more comfortable with their actions when it comes to finding themselves mixed up with drugs is a necessity. People are usually nervous of the consequences that they may find themselves in if it becomes too late. Most of the time, these people that are doing the drugs and alcohol mean no harm to their children. Addiction is a strong and nasty thing that controls a persons mind. It can make a person do things that they will ultimately regret. Addiction to drugs and alcohol can be caused by many things, such as anxiety, stress, and even boredom according to Sharon of TheJenniferact.com. A solution to this would be to raise awareness on letting people know its okay to seek help on a situation as dire as it is. As previously stated, people using drugs is going to happen. Retaliating against their addiction is a key step into fixing this problem. There is an estimated 20.8 million people who need treatment but have yet to receive it. Some people feel as though they do not need it. Not knowing where to go for treatment and worrying about what others will think of them take up a big percentage of it (Common Reasons Why). We need to raise awareness on where one can go and reestablish self esteem that it is okay to receive help if needed. Another solution would be to make all drugs legal. This may sound weird at first but when it comes down to it, it does make a lot of sense. This eliminates a lot of places that a person would have to go to find these drugs. Essentially starving the marketplace of their income. In essence it eliminates the criminal marketplace. Legalisation also comes to accept that drug use is in fact normal and that it is a social issue (10 Reasons to Legalize All Drugs). Coming to terms that its a social issue will allow for more people to admit their drug usage and feel less embarrassed about the fact of it being so. Hiring more social workers is a must when it comes to the foster care system. These are the people in the facilities that talk to drug users and the children to help them get through the tough times. Sometimes these people have no one to talk to and essentially feel alone. Having someone to talk to and help them through the demons they are facing will help a lot more than people think. According to Teresa Wiltz of Pewtrusts.org,   Several states, such as New Hampshire and Vermont, have either changed laws to make it possible to pull children out of homes where parents are addicted, or have made room in the budget to hire more social workers to deal with the emerging crisis. Essentially what she is saying is that the more weapons and tactics to face this, the better the outcome for these people and their children. The best solution would be to build more foster care systems and to have rehabilitations nearby in order to give the children safety measures and the parents a chance of survival. So many children are taken from their homes, causing them to be put into the foster care system. With so many drug users, we need to adapt to new expenses and organize the system itself. Drugs arent going anywhere anytime soon, so we might as well get prepared for the worst. In conclusion, children that have to deal with the pressing issues of things that are beyond their control is heavily unfair for them. This isnt just the parents using the drugs, it is a problem for society as a whole. Children could learn from their parents, and a rough life could follow. Keeping the tree of drug usage continuing and only growing. Instead of bashing people for using drugs we need to as a community come together and try to help them.